Context

The Federal Energy Minister launched a national debate on the potential modalities for implementing a carbon price in the Belgian non‐ETS sectors. The pricing of GHG emissions is a measure that is considered as an essential policy to gradually drive our economy towards low‐carbon alternatives, that should be central to any effective climate policy package.

What we did

CLIMACT, PwC and Suma Consulting supported the administration with a fact‐based approach, fed by numerous analyses including benchmarking analyses and organized around a series of high‐level events, technical workshops and bilateral meetings.

Conclusion

The results, presented in June 2018 to the various Belgian stakeholder groups, demonstrate that pricing carbon in Belgium is needed, is possible and should be implemented now. Although several concerns potentially arise from the implementation of a carbon price, it was demonstrated that it is possible to define the necessary modalities that overcome these concerns in the different sectors.

Context

AW Europe and Bidfood are major industrial actors in Wallonia (respectively in the automotive parts and in the foodservice industries). They want to drastically reduce their impact on the environment.

What we did

CLIMACT engineered, financed, structured, installed, maintains and operates photovoltaic units on Bidfood and AW Europe facilities, reaching a total of 1,5 MWp.

Conclusion

Bidfood and AW Europe are going to produce annually about 1500 MWh of green electricity with no initial investment, generating direct savings and less impact on the environment.

Context

European Commission develops climate change policies to reflect Paris agreement. This involves the implementation of concrete action plans within each Member State.

What we did

Together with ICEDD, CLIMACT supported the Walloon Region in the realization of its 2030  Energy / Climate action plan. Several measures were analysed, developed, quantified and discussed with stakeholders during consultations. Climact focused its assessment on the following topics: Mechanism of obligation in EE, ESCO development, behavioural change, new buildings performance, coherent tax system, and electrical networks flexibility.

Conclusion

The Region is now equipped with a concrete and ambitious action plan, supported by the administration and the stakeholders.

Context

CARREFOUR has been working with CLIMACT since 2008 to seize opportunities and reduce energy and climate risks.

What we are doing

CLIMACT quantifies and monitors GHG emissions from stores, logistics and headquarters of CARREFOUR. CLIMACT develops a robust action plan with the teams to prioritize the most effective actions. Serious reflection on sustainable packaging has saved costs and reduced the impact of the CARREFOUR brand.

Conclusion

CARREFOUR has a plan detailing the opportunities available for future years and their impact in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.

Context

The Energy Efficiency Directive requires Member States to establish long-term strategies for the renovation of its national building stock, covering all building types.

What we did

CLIMACT coordinated the development of the Walloon Building Renovation Strategy. As part of the process, we assessed the literature on renovation challenges and initiatives, we organized stakeholder workshops on renovation techniques, financing and measures to enable its implementation, we supported the administration and the Energy Ministry cabinet through the negotiation and validation processes.

Conclusion

Around 150 stakeholders were involved in the process, the government approved ambitious renovation objectives and a set of measures to achieve them, the strategy was published on time and submitted to the European Commission.

Context

The European commission mandated “EU Calc” to perform a new type of energy model. The project goals are to:

- communicate the current energy policy choices and the results of other EU models

- provide a high level of stakeholder involvement and transparency

The project covers the energy, emissions, materials, resources and economic dimensions.

What we do

A network of 10 leading energy institutions (including CLIMACT) is actively building the EU Calc.

CLIMACT leads 2 work packages, for a budget of € 600 k : the model architecture definition and the modelling & stakeholder consultations of the transport sector.

Conclusion

The project will end in 2020. More info here.

Context

The Brussels Region is preparing a conversion of its gas operations to distribute high gas. This follows the announced end of exports of lean gas (L gas) from the Netherlands. The region wants to master the various technical, economic and security aspects.

What we did

CLIMACT focused on the analysis of the economic impacts of the conversion.  It assessed the different actors in the gas value chain and explored their respective possibilities to limit negative impacts and maximize opportunities.

Conclusion

The conversion generates mostly negative economic impacts on value chain actors. At regional level, the conversion would lead to improvements in the fields of security, environment and health, as well as job creation. The main risks are related to the unavoidable gas cuts and their consequences. The organization of a single regulated central market would help control costs, protect consumers and improve the conversion quality.

Context

To enrich the Belgian energy debate, the Heinrich Böll Stiftung commissioned CLIMACT to write a fact-based policy brief about the power sector transition in the context of the nuclear phase out.

What we did

CLIMACT wrote a policy brief based on the large amount of research papers in connection with the Belgian and European low carbon energy transition. The brief looks in particular at the cost of RES and their integration to the electricity system, comparing it to alternatives such as nuclear and related risks. CLIMACT has consulted a series of Belgian energy stakeholders.

Conclusion

The brief is highlighting the rapidly decreasing costs of renewables, based on recent projects data and the feasibility of high RES penetration. It also points out the costs, risks and uncertainties of ageing nuclear power plants.  

Context

To meet reporting obligations and have a decision tool regarding energy policy, Bruxelles-Environnement must perform the Brussels-Capital region energy balance

What we do

CLIMACT, Apere and Data@work are performing the 2015 energy balance in an innovative, rigorous and transparent way. A large amount of data has been collected, cleaned and consolidated, providing a strong basis to quantify the produced, transformed, supplied and consumed energy. 

Conclusion

The administration is highly involved in the exercise, has a complete view on the processes and hypothesis used to build the regional energy balance. The process will strongly facilitate the continuity of the project for the upcoming years.

Context

As one of the main actor in Belgium, EDF-Luminus intends to accelerate the transition to a low carbon society.

What we did

CLIMACT assesses the carbon scope and responsibilities for the entire EDF-Luminus organization.

Conclusion

CLIMACT has developed the medium-term GHG emission reduction plan, with a focus on operational and energy consumption.
We also provided EDF-Luminus with sound recommendations on tips and tricks to address potential electricity shortages.

Context

The federal environment administration asked Climact to investigates the impacts of the transition in Belgium and focus on key macroeconomic issues. It builds on the  study “Scenarios for a low carbon Belgium by 2050” which shows that it is technically possible to achieve an 80 to 95% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 from 1990.

What we do

This study examines the macroeconomic impacts of the low carbon transition, particularly regarding growth, competitiveness, employment and co-benefits. In addition to a detailed literature review, the methodology is based on complementary macroeconomic models at the Belgian and international levels. 

Conclusion

An 80 to 95% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be performed together with economic growth. Low carbon scenarios can also lead to net job creation, although impacts at sector level are mixed. In addition, emission reduction policies may lead to considerable advantages in other fields. 

Context

Brussels Environment ambitioned to explore the implications of a low carbon transition in the Region Brussels-Capital.

What we did

CLIMACT constructed a GHG reduction projection tool, based on extensive stakeholder consultations, combined with robust analysis. The regional administration made the choice to consider the indirect emissions, so that they can evaluate the global impact of regional decisions and lifestyle.

Conclusion

Various reduction scenarios enable to reach the -80% and -95% GHG reduction targets, at a regional level and by 2050. Such a reduction is feasible, but requires deep transformations in every sector, and the implication of all stakeholders.

Context

The interactive website my2050.be shows the implications of a 80% to 95% greenhouse gas emission reductions in Belgium for students (15-18 years) and general public

What we did

The website shows simplified levers and comes with a complete pedagogic file for teachers. CLIMACT built the model and levers behind the website, supported the administration in choosing the appropriate technical partner and communicating appropriate robust messages

Conclusion

Various pathways are possible to reach 80% to 95% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Belgium. The website has been welcomed by students and teachers as it simply explains the challenges behind this transition

Context

SWIFT is defining and implementing its energy and climate strategy by identifying, quantifying and prioritising SWIFT’s energy and climate impact.

What we are doing

SWIFT’s greenhouse gas and energy reduction efforts commenced in 2007, when SWIFT’s 2010 greening strategy was developed.
Since 2007 SWIFT’s total carbon emissions have fallen by 70% and the company expects to be carbon-neutral by 2020.
Through a special carbon credits programme developed by CLIMACT, SWIFT offsets all its business travel GHG emissions. The carbon credits are linked to various projects that reduce GHG emissions around the globe and comply with the most stringent international standards (Clean Development Mechanism and/or Gold Standard).

Context

Vandeputte produces linseed-based soap, detergents and oils. Vandeputte wants to drastically reduce its impact on the environment.

What we did

CLIMACT engineered, financed, structured, installed, maintains and operates a 500 kWp photovoltaic unit on Vandeputte facilities  

Conclusion

Vandeputte produces annually about 500 MWh of green electricity with no initial investment, generating direct savings and less impact on the environment

Context

At the European level and since the recent events in Ukraine, gas security of supply is often quoted as the reason for new infrastructure projects. Most energy related infrastructure investments are capital-heavy and long-lived (40 years and more), which means infrastructure built today will be part of EU Energy system in 2050. In case of declining gas demand, this leads to a risk for stranded assets

What we did

In close cooperation with ECF, CLIMACT conducted the analysis and steered the other partners involved in this project from the early scoping till the communication phase and the report launch.  

Conclusion

The analysis shows that Europe’s current gas infrastructure is already very resilient to a wide range of demand futures and extreme supply disruption cases with some local exceptions. The study also finds that an integrated management and planning of gas and electricity systems together helps meet supply security at significantly lower costs. 

Context

The Belgian official plans lead to 2.2 GW of offshore wind by 2020 and 4 GW by 2030. Offshore wind will also be developed at the European level, to  reach a capacity of 98 GW in 2030, compared to 11 GW today. Questions are raised on the cost and economic impact of such offshore deployments.

What we did

CLIMACT, commissioned by the Belgian Offshore Platform, assessed the economic impact of the offshore wind industry on the Belgian economy today and in the future. GDP, jobs, trade balance and public finance impacts are modelled and assessed based on robust methodologies.

Conclusion

The study will be used in the debates on the energy supply mix in Belgium as well as in the debates about the public subsidization of renewable energy sources.

More info here.

Context

ELECTRABEL has developed early 2007 its plan “together for less C02”.

What we did

CLIMACT has analysed the 2007-2010 CO2 achievements regarding ELECTRABEL internal commitment. Then, CLIMACT has set in collaboration with ELECTRABEL the new C02 targets for the period 2010-2015.

Conclusion

The analysis performed by CLIMACT has been communicated internally and has been certified by a third party auditor.

Context

Brugel aims to better informs the public on the functioning of the regional PV market.

What we did

Brugel has access to a large number of information on PV installations in Brussels region (including installed capacity and production). We supported Brugel to identify the relevant analysis, to define and collect required information and to perform in depth analysis on a selection of indicators and their evolution in time.

Conclusion

The report is public and available here.

Context

Seven federations have asked CLIMACT to elaborate their 2050 energy and climate roadmap: AGORIA, COBELPA, FEBELGRA, FEDUSTRIA, FETRA, FIV, GSV.

What we did

CLIMACT assessed the key issues related to the transition to better understand the context in the future. CLIMACT identified the levers that will enable companies to position themselves to seize the opportunities and to reduce the risks.

Conclusion

CLIMACT identified issues relating to the energy and low carbon transition for the prosperity of seven major industrial sectors.

Context

The municipality asked CLIMACT to elaborate a low carbon strategy paving how to reduce its emissions by 40% by 2030. This is in the context of the ‘Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy’ municipality commitment in 2016.

What we did

CLIMACT performed the inventory of GHG emissions for the territory but also for the UCL and the administration. CLIMACT defined reduction objectives for the buildings, mobility, agriculture and industry sectors, using a top-down approach. CLIMACT finally elaborated an action plan to reach these objectives.

Conclusion

Together with the city, CLIMACT elaborated an action plan to achieve a reduction of the territorial GHG emissions of more than 40% by 2030 compared to 2006.  

Context

Devimo Consult ambitions to have a better view on the consumptions and emissions of its shopping centres. Based on this data, Devimo ambitions to gain a better understanding of its energy and emissions drivers. This is the first step towards reducing Devimo Consult’s climate impact.

What we did

CLIMACT performed a tailor-made reporting tool, consolidating the needs of each shopping centre. CLIMACT worked in interaction with the future tool users, and trained them to ensure a hassle free usage.

Conclusion

Devimo disposes of a reporting tool, helping it to implement a larger awareness project, including the set-up of green actions.

Context

Geosea realizes complex offshore marine engineering projects related to offshore wind energy.
The Belgian official plans lead to 2200MW of offshore wind by 2020. Questions are raised on the cost and economic impact of such offshore deployments.

What we did

CLIMACT has assessed the economic impact of the offshore wind industry on the Belgian economy today and in the future with the support of Professor Thierry Bréchet (UCL) & Professor Johan Eyckmans (KUL). 
A market review of more than 200 Belgian players has been performed.
GDP, jobs, trade balance and public finance impacts have been modelled and assessed based on robust methodologies.

Conclusion

The analysis has confirmed the net positive socio-economic impacts for Belgium of the offshore deployments across Europe.
The study is being used in the debates on the energy supply mix in Belgium.

Context

CLIMACT teamed up with ECOFYS to explore techno-economic implications of significant reductions in GHG emissions for the non-ETS sector in Flanders and to support the Flemish government.

What we did

Various pathways are possible to properly support the transition to a low carbon society. CLIMACT combines extensive stakeholder consultations with robust analysis to identify potential techno-economic outcomes of the low carbon transition.

Conclusion

Three scenarios are extensively analysed and described to explore the possibility to reduce emissions under different assumptions.

Find more informations here.

Context

Ecover is inspired by the world's greatest scientist: nature, for a beautiful clean for your home and our planet.

What we did

CLIMACT has delivered an extensive carbon footprint analysis and a tailor-made carbon footprint calculation tool for annual update.

Conclusion

ECOVER follows annually its progress on its GHG emissions and initiates appropriate complementary actions.

Context

Eight companies trusted CLIMACT to elaborate their CO2 mapping : Brasserie Lefebvre, GSK, Knauf (Gabriel Technologie), NLMK, Pasta Della Mamma, TI Automotive, Vandeputte and Zoetis.

What we did

CLIMACT performed the CO2 mappings on the companies’ entire value chains, both determining the most CO2 intensive life cycle stages, assessing to which extent companies can reduce them, and proposing concrete and measurable projects to implement the reductions.

Conclusion

CLIMACT proposed real decision-making tools which cover upstream and downstream activities, representing a real opportunities to strengthen the companies’ resilience and competitiveness.

Context

This project explores techno-economic implications of 80% to 95% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Belgium (in 2050 vs 1990).

What we did

Various pathways are possible to properly support the transition to a low carbon society. CLIMACT combines extensive stakeholder consultations with robust analysis to identify potential techno-economic outcomes of the low carbon transition.

Conclusion

Attaining an 80 to 95 per cent GHG emissions reduction in Belgium is technically feasible. Reaching this target is a massive challenge and implies large reductions in all sectors.

Context

For years, the port community has shown that economic and ecological interests can be combined without problem.

What we did

CLIMACT has performed, together with VITO, the carbon footprint of the company and the Antwerpen harbour.

Conclusion

Recommandations were formulated and the action plan to reduce GHG emissions has been debated and agreed with the Port authorities.

Context

This project explores techno-economic implications of 80% to 95% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Wallonia (in 2050 vs 1990).

What we did

Various pathways are possible to properly support the transition to a low carbon society. CLIMACT combines extensive stakeholder consultations with robust analysis to identify potential techno-economic outcomes of the low carbon transition.

Conclusion

Attaining an 80 to 95 per cent GHG emissions reduction in Wallonia is technically feasible. Reaching this target is a massive challenge and implies large reductions in all sectors.
AwAC, results are presented here.

Context

The nuclear phase-out is top of the energy agenda since several years. Limiting growth in electricity demand would make a significant difference in how much additional capacity will be required, and the role of nuclear in the mix

What we did

CLIMACT assessed the reduction potential in electricity demand by implementing energy efficiency measures. A critical review of the existing studies on demand projection has been performed. Climact assessed a large panel of levers which model the energy (and electricity) demand in the industry and in the residential sector (which represent 80% of the electricity consumption)

Conclusion

The analysis shows that a “no-growth in electricity demand” scenario is indeed realistic, and would limit electricity demand up to 2030 around ~81 TWh. By focusing first on energy savings and later on electrification, it is possible to save up to 6 TWh by 2015, or ~7% below the reference scenario

Context

Infrabel aims to encourage sustainable mobility and a transition to rail traffic.

What we did

CLIMACT has teamed with akkanto (www.akkanto.com) and Cap to elaborate the INFRABEL environmental plan.
The plan has been thoroughly discussed with internal stakeholders and lists the strategic environmental stakes of INFRABEL.

Conclusion

INFRABEL is committed to generating fewer CO2 emissions per transport by 2020 compared to 1990 levels and is facilitating the production and use of renewable energy.

Context

KONE is one of the global leaders in the elevator and escalator industry.

What we did

Starting in 2007, CLIMACT has provided KONE with its first global carbon footprint assessment. Based on the GHG cost abatement curve, various strategic scenarios have been elaborated. CLIMACT also supports KONE in its yearly GRI reporting.

Conclusion

CLIMACT has significantly contributed to develop the energy and climate change strategy of KONE worldwide.

Context

The Global Calculator models the world’s energy, land and food systems. It allows decision makers to explore various pathways to reduce global greenhouse emissions by 2050.

What we did

The Global Calculator looks at the world’s energy supply and demand. It is based on concrete modelling of for example cars, power plants or land use at the world level. CLIMACT leads various high level expert consultations combined with robust analysis for the transport and the industry at world level.

Conclusion

Decisions makers can evaluate various low carbon trajectories for the world. This user-friendly though robust platform informs the climate and energy debate further.

Context

The STIB has developed a 2030 energy and carbon strategy. The objectives are the reduction of its energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

What we did

CLIMACT identified and analysed over fifty actions through broad internal consultations. Several quantified alternative scenarios were developed.
The chosen strategy is financially profitable, even more than a strategy with lower investment in energy efficiency.

Conclusion

The STIB contributes significantly to the Brussels objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the region. The chosen strategy is ambitious and financially attractive.

Project

IBA develops, manufactures and supports medical devices and software solutions for cancer treatment.

What we did

CLIMACT is installing, financing and operating a photovoltaic production site on the rooftop of this high-technology factory.
The installed capacity allows the production of more than 100MWh a year. IBA benefits from a direct energy cost savings, starting the first day.
On the total lifetime of the installation, this represent a significant energy savings for the client, illustrating that what is good for your finances can also be good for climate.

Conclusion

IBA enjoys a significant reduction on his energy bill, without making any investment and taking no risk.

Context

TMHE provides a complete range of Toyota forklift trucks and warehouse equipment, supported by services and added value solutions.

What we did

CLIMACT has identified and ranked major environmental stakes, we have assessed current and future GHG emissions, ensured buy in of the senior management and are contributing to set the environmental strategic agenda.

Conclusion

The environmental strategy is part of THME growth strategy, with clear targets, roles and responsibilities.

Context

The Federal Public Services evaluates the implications of environmental labelling.

What we did

CLIMACT has conducted and analyzed 9 LCA of mattresses distributed in Belgium by 3 major distributors, through different value chains, in close collaboration with CARREFOUR, COLRUYT, IKEA and VITO.

Conclusion

The project leads to the identification of environmental hotspots within value chains and clear recommendations to the federal administration.

Context

STÛV is providing wood stoves and desires to design its stoves to minimize their GHG impact.

What we did

CLIMACT supports STÛV to perform the Life cycle analysis of STÛV products, establish a database of standards and provide up-to-date review of the biomass debate.

Conclusion

The analysis is used by the STÛV teams in the design and marketing of new stoves.

Project

IBA develops, manufactures and supports medical devices and software solutions for cancer treatment.
The project aims at identifying the major environmental impacts for IBA and at proposing structured actions to reduce IBA material impacts now and in the future.

What we did

A comprehensive list of potential impacts has made it possible to highlight adverse impacts on the environment through greenhouse gas emissions, land resource depletion and waste production.
CLIMACT has identified the contribution to climate change as the most damaging impact, now and in the future, while recognizing that this is not the only impact.

Conclusion

IBA is developing an ambitious plan to cope with the development of its environmental impact and GHG emissions.

Context

Euroadbead has as vocation to increase the notoriety of the 3 European main road bead manufacturers.

What we did

CLIMACT has performed a product carbon footprint analysis of a standard glass bead product for each of its manufacturers and conducted an in depth analysis of confidential industrial processes.

Conclusion

Each manufacturer has received tailored recommendations with a comparison of its performance vs its competitors.

Context

The UWE Mobility's role is to provide companies with useful advices for their actions relating to the mobility of people and goods.

What we did

CLIMACT develops a tool enabling company to quantify the financial and CO2 impact of the mobility of their organisation, for today’s situation and after implementing a combination of actions.

Conclusion

The tool quantifies the financial and CO2 impact of most commonly used transport modes, it enables users to model in real time the impact of taking a combination of actions.

Context

SEESEP (South East Europe Sustainable Energy Policy) is a network made of 17 NGOs with strong environmental expertise and recognition in South Eastern Europe.

What we did

CLIMACT is supporting SEESEP to roll out 7 national 2050 energy and climate roadmaps.

Conclusion

Eastern Europe countries have developed thanks to CLIMACT their national 2050 energy and climate roadmaps.

More information

Context

IWEPS is a scientific public institution, providing independent strategic advices to the public authorities.
Various exploratory scenarios were considered for the energy transition.

What we did

CLIMACT has led a large team of senior consultants, technical experts and academics.
Four prospective scenarios have been explored. A fifth normative sustainable development scenario has been added.

Conclusion

Various recommendations have been shared with the public authorities based on the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats on social cohesion, security of supply, environmental protection, democratic participation and economic viability. The report is available here.

Context

Sonelgaz, a public energy distribution company in Algeria, wants to understand the implications of the low carbon transition on fossil fuel extraction and renewable energy deployment.

What we did

CLIMACT is supporting the Algerian government to assess the Algerian energy profile and roadmaps.

Conclusion

Algeria has developed thanks to CLIMACT its national 2050 energy and climate roadmap.

Context

The Peak Oil is a major challenge for the Brussels-Capital Region, its administration and the inhabitants.

What we did

CLIMACT has teamed with academic experts to understand the impact of rising oil prices on the inhabitants, the economy, the structure and the administrative services of Brussels.

Conclusion

The Brussels-Capital Region now has a tool to explore the consequences of various oil prices evolutions and the impacts for the inhabitants, the administration and the territory.

Context

D’IETEREN is a group of services to the motorist serving some 12 million corporate and end customers in 34 countries.

What we did

CLIMACT has identified and ranked major environmental stakes, we have assessed current and future environmental performance, ensured buy in of the business lines and developped relevant GRI reporting.

CLIMACT is also supporting AUDI on the launch of the e-tron range by providing a new integrated sustainable mobility experience. We are now able to offer to the new e-tron drivers a solution that remains easy, robust and in particular local in order to enable then to participate to the energy transition in Belgium.

Conclusion

D’IETEREN GROUP has developed an adequate environmental strategy in line with its commitment to deploying its expertise in favour of sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
More info available here.

Context

SOLVIN is part of the SOLVAY GROUP and is the World's third leading player in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market.

What we did

CLIMACT has identified the carbon emissions between plants/warehouses/stocks and approximately 1,000 clients located in different countries and continents using road, rail, and maritime transport.

Conclusion

SOLVIN has a full view on the GHG emissions of its logistic activities and the decision makers have an informed view of the GHG implications of the numerous logistic routes.

Context

Following the Copenhagen Conference, developed countries were invited to mobilize 30 billion dollars to fight against climate change. The Fast-start Wallonia initiative is the translation to the Belgian regional level of the decision.

What we did

CLIMACT structures the recommendation of a strategy for delivering fast-start finance to partner countries and a proposal for an institutional organisation to deliver Fast Start more efficiently.

Conclusion

Various projects have been launched in Benin, Senegal, Burkina Faso and Rwanda. They already reaping very encouraging results.

Context

The Climate decree provides the regulatory framework for the low carbon transition.

What we are doing

CLIMACT has drafted the project of a Climate Decree which should allow Wallonia to reduce its GHG emissions by 30% in 2020 and by 80 à 95% in (vs 1990) through 5 year carbon budgets. These budgets are determined in advance so as to provide a predictable and stable regulatory framework to the benefit of the economy as a whole.

CLIMACT has been involved in the burden sharing discussion between the various Belgian stakeholders.

CLIMACT has helped energy producers assessing the opportunity to challenge the legality of the transposition of the third energy package into Regional law.

CLIMACT has assessed the compatibility of renewable support schemes with EU state aid rules for a third party investor.